Perceptions de pères vivant avec un fils ou une fille adulte ayant une déficience intellectuelle sur la transition de l'après-parents.

With the increase in life expectancy, many people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are living in the family home with their parents. This research focuses on the experience of 17 fathers of adults with ID. These fathers answered a questionnaire including open and closed questions. During the individual interview, fathers described their motivations to cohabit with their son or daughter, cohabitation benefits and constraints, housing options considered and planning for the future. Results indicate that fathers chose this cohabitation. However, they experience anxiety because they do not know who will support the adult with ID when they can no longer do so. Postparental planning considerations include legal concerns and informal discussions with siblings or the extended family. These results describe a complex parental situation in which there is interaction between their emotions, their attachment to the adult with ID and their previous experiences with residential, social or rehabilitation services.

Avec l'augmentation de la longévité, plusieurs personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) vieillissent au domicile familial avec leurs parents. Cette recherche porte sur l'expérience de 17 pères d'adultes ayant une DI. Ces pères ont répondu à un questionnaire incluant des questions ouvertes et fermées en entrevue individuelle afin de décrire leurs motivations pour cohabiter avec leur fils ou leur fille ayant une DI, les bénéfices et contraintes de cette cohabitation, les services résidentiels futurs envisagés et la planification de « l'après-parents ¼. Les résultats indiquent que les pères ont choisi cette cohabitation. Ils éprouvent de l'anxiété, ignorant qui assumera le soutien auprès de l'adulte avec une DI lorsqu'ils ne pourront plus le faire. Leur planification de l'après-parents correspond à des démarches légales et à des conversations avec la fratrie ou la famille élargie. La discussion souligne la complexité de la situation où entrent en jeu les émotions des parents, leur attachement à l'adulte ayant une DI et les expériences antérieures avec les services résidentiels, sociaux ou de réadaptation.

La multiparentalidad. La pluralidad de padres sustentados en el afecto y en lo biológico / The multiple parenthood. The plurality of parents supported in the affection and in the biological

La Suprema Corte de Brasil decidió que la paternidad socioafectiva, declarada o no en el registro público, no impide el reconocimiento del vínculo de filiación concomitante basado en el origen biológico, con los resultantes efectos jurídicos patrimoniales y extrapatrimoniales. Así, la más alta Corte brasileña reconoció la posibilidad jurídica de la multiparentalidad

Brazilian Supreme Court has ruled that social parenthood, declared or not in civil registry, does not prevent the recognition of concomitant filiation based on biological origin with the consequent patrimonial and extrapatrimonial legal effects. Thus, the highest Brazilian Court recognized the legal possibility of multiple parenthood

Effects of parenting practices through deviant peers on nonviolent and violent antisocial behaviours in middle- and late-adolescence / Los efectos de las prácticas parentales a través de compañeros desviados en los comportamientos antisociales no violentes y violentos en la adolescencia media y tardía

The aim of the current study was to analyse in two age cohorts the presence of mediation effects of parenting practices (i.e., parental knowledge, parental support, parent-adolescent conflict) through deviant peers on youth antisocial behaviour (i.e., nonviolent antisocial behaviour, violent behaviour). The final sample was subdivided in a younger group (n = 377), aged 14 to 16 (M = 15.27, SD = 0.72), 45.9% males, and an older group (n = 206), aged 17 to 19 (M = 17.30, SD = 0.54), 48.5% males. The structural equation modelling results indicated significant mediation effects for both age cohorts. Family factors presented more influence for younger adolescents, whereas deviant peers showed more influence for older adolescents. The findings also indicated the reciprocal influence of selection and socialisation processes suggesting the need of early interventions for preventing the development of antisocial behaviour (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar en dos grupos de edad la presencia de los efectos de mediación de las prácticas parentales (es decir, el conocimiento y el apoyo parentales y el conflicto padresadolescente) por medio de compañeros desviados en el comportamiento antisocial de los jóvenes (es decir, comportamiento antisocial no violento y el comportamiento violento). La muestra final se dividió en un grupo más joven (n = 377), con edades entre 14 y 16 años (M = 15.27, DT = 0.72), el 45.9% de los cuales eran varones, y un grupo más mayor (n = 206), de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 19 años (M = 17.30, DT = 0.54), el 48.5% varones. Los resultados del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales indicaban que había efectos mediadores para ambos grupos de edad. Los factores familiares influían más en los adolescentes más jóvenes mientras que los compañeros desviados influían más en los adolescentes mayores. Los resultados también pusieron de manifiesto la influencia recíproca de los procesos de selección y socialización, lo que indicaba la necesidad de intervenciones tempranas con el fin de evitar que se desarrollara el comportamiento antisocial (AU)

Contornos da judicialização: reflexões sobre famílias recasadas e abandono afetivo / Outlines of judicialization: reflectionson remarried families and emotional abandonment / Contornos de la judicialización: reflexiones sobre familias reconstituidas y abandono afectivo

Este artigo buscou articular duas pesquisas que se situam na perspectiva da psicologia jurídica e que tomam como objetos de estudo questões referentes à família na esfera da justiça. O objetivo principal desta escrita é analisar os contornos que caracterizam o movimento de judicialização nas demandas de famílias recasadas e de abandono afetivo. De maneira geral, a judicialização pode ser compreendida como o movimento de expansão dos poderes judiciários em questões que antes eram resolvidas em outros espaços. Quanto às famílias recasadas, identificou-se o caminho das jurisprudências para a resolução de solicitações que não estão contempladas na legislação. Contudo, nos relatos dos entrevistados, verificou-se a busca por soluções sem recorrer ao Judiciário, o que difere da proposta encontrada no referencial teórico de criação de legislação específica para atender a essa configuração familiar. Quanto ao abandono afetivo, a análise dos aspectos vinculados à produção e comprovação dessa demanda no sistema jurídico aponta para a dificuldade da medição dos danos e da relação com a ausência de afeto, além do importante recorte de gênero, que posiciona diferentemente as figuras parentais e define funções específicas para cada um. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o movimento de judicialização reflete e ao mesmo tempo forja as demandas, denotando uma mudança social na maneira como a sociedade lida com seus impasses familiares.

This paper aims to articulate two studies in the overview of Legal Psychology and taking as objects of study issues relating to the family in the sphere of justice. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the outlines that characterize the movement of judicialization on the demands of remarried families and emotional abandonment. In general, judicialization can be understood as the movement of expansion of judicial powers to matters that used to be resolved in other spaces. With respect to remarried families, this study identified how jurisprudence can provide a way to resolve demands that are not covered by the legislation. However, respondents' reports indicated that they look for solutions without resorting to court, which differs from the proposal found on the theoretical reference to formulate specific legislation to address this family configuration. In regards to emotional abandonment, the analysis of aspects related to the production and validation of this demand by the legal system highlights the difficulty to measure damage and its relationship with absence of affection, in addition to the important gender approach, that assigns different positions and specific roles for each parental figure. Therefore, we conclude that the judicialization trend reflects and at the same time forges demands, denoting a social change in the way society deals with family impasses.

Este artículo tiene por objeto articular dos estudios que se encuentran en la perspectiva de la Psicología Forense, teniendo como objeto de estudio las cuestiones relacionadas con la familia en el ámbito de la justicia. El objetivo principal es analizar los contornos que caracterizan el movimiento de la judicialización de las demandas de las familias reconstituidas y abandono afectivo. En términos generales, puede entenderse la judicialización como el movimiento de expansión de los poderes judiciales en los asuntos que se resolvieron en otros espacios. En cuanto a las familias reconstituidas se identificó el camino de la jurisprudencia para solucionar las solicitudes que no están cubiertas por la legislación. Sin embargo, en los reportes de los encuestados se encontró la búsqueda de soluciones sin recurrir a los tribunales, lo que difiere de la propuesta que se encuentra en el marco teórico de creación de una legislación específica para satisfacer esta configuración familiar. En cuanto al abandono afectivo, el análisis de los aspectos relacionados con la producción y prueba de esta demanda en el sistema legal denota la dificultad de medir el daño y la relación con la ausencia de afecto, más allá del importante enfoque de género, que diferencia la colocación de las figuras parentales y define las funciones específicas de cada uno. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el movimiento de judicialización refleja y, al mismo tiempo forja las demandas, lo que denota un cambio social en la forma en que la sociedad aborda los estancamientos de la familia.

Toward a child-centered approach to evaluating claims of alienation in high-conflict custody disputes.

Theories of parental alienation abound in high-conflict custody cases. The image of one parent brainwashing a child against the other parent fits with what we think we know about family dynamics during divorce. The concept of a diagnosable "Parental Alienation Syndrome" ("PAS") developed as an attempt to explain this phenomenon, but it has been widely discredited by mental health professionals and thus fails the standard for evidentiary admissibility. Nevertheless, PAS and related theories continue to influence the decisions of family courts, and even in jurisdictions that explicitly reject such theories, judges still face the daunting task of resolving these volatile cases. In the midst of this highly adversarial process, children deserve independent representation to ensure that their interests remain front and center. Mandating the appointment of guardians ad litem in cases involving allegations of abuse or alienation will assist courts in conducting individualized, fact-specific investigations into such allegations to craft custody orders that serve the best interests of children.

The right to know your genetic parents: from open-identity gamete donation to routine paternity testing.

Over the years a number of countries have abolished anonymous gamete donation and shifted toward open-identity policies. Donor-conceived children are said to have a fundamental "right to know" the identity of their donor. In this article, we trace the arguments that underlie this claim and question its implications. We argue that, given the status attributed to the right to know one's gamete donor, it would be discriminatory not to extend this right to naturally conceived children with misattributed paternity. One way to facilitate this would be through routine paternity testing at birth. While this proposal is likely to raise concerns about the conflicting interests and rights of other people involved, we show that similar concerns apply to the context of open-identity gamete donation. Unless one can identify a rational basis for treating the two groups differently, one's stance toward both cases should be the same.

Alienação parental: da teoria à práxis forense / Parental alienation: from theory to legal practice

O presente estudo tem como desígnio central analisar os principais aspectos jurídicos referentes à alienação parental – fenômeno originário da área da Psicologia, mas diretamente relacionado ao Direito de Família –, mais especificamente no que tange à relação pós-dissolução do vínculo conjugal delineada entre os genitores e seus filhos. Objetiva-se perquirir acerca dos pressupostos necessários à configuração da alienação parental, seus elementos de identificação, suas possíveis causas, bem como as consequências psicológicas à criança e ao adolescente e as consequências jurídicas imputáveis ao genitor responsável pela alienação.(AU)

The present study has the main objective of analyzing the main legal aspects of parental alienation – a phenomenon originated from the fields of Psychology, but directly related to Family Law –, more specifically to the period after breaking of the conjugal bond traced between genitors and their offspring. The main goal is to investigate the foreshadows necessary to the configuration of the parental alienation, its identification elements, possible causes, the psychological consequences to the child and the teenager, and the judicial consequences chargeable to the parent responsible for the alienation.(AU)

Alienação parental: da teoria à práxis forense / Parental alienation: from theory to legal practice

O presente estudo tem como desígnio central analisar os principais aspectos jurídicos referentes à alienação parental – fenômeno originário da área da Psicologia, mas diretamente relacionado ao Direito de Família –, mais especificamente no que tange à relação pós-dissolução do vínculo conjugal delineada entre os genitores e seus filhos. Objetiva-se perquirir acerca dos pressupostos necessários à configuração da alienação parental, seus elementos de identificação, suas possíveis causas, bem como as consequências psicológicas à criança e ao adolescente e as consequências jurídicas imputáveis ao genitor responsável pela alienação...

The present study has the main objective of analyzing the main legal aspects of parental alienation – a phenomenon originated from the fields of Psychology, but directly related to Family Law –, more specifically to the period after breaking of the conjugal bond traced between genitors and their offspring. The main goal is to investigate the foreshadows necessary to the configuration of the parental alienation, its identification elements, possible causes, the psychological consequences to the child and the teenager, and the judicial consequences chargeable to the parent responsible for the alienation...

"It just kind of like falls in your hands": factors that influence black aunts' decisions to parent their nieces and nephews.

Using a modified grounded theory method and Black feminist theory, the author explored the factors that influence the decision-making processes of Black aunts parenting nieces and nephews. Analysis revealed six themes that facilitated beliefs in a lack of agency in the decision-making process: perceptions of a crisis, fulfillment of family obligations, personal identities, faith in God, gendered expectations, and the role of the Black aunt. Findings emphasized the impact of cultural traditions and gendered expectations on the meanings that Black aunts attach to familial roles and the influence of past and current racism on their definitions of the situation.

Consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes: su asociación con los estados de ánimo negativos y los factores familiares / Heavy episodic drinking among adolescents: the association with negative mood states and family factors

Fundamentos: El consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol (CEEA) es una práctica extendida en la población adolescente con graves riesgos para la salud, incluyendo el abuso/dependencia en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar su asociación con los estados de ánimo negativos y algunas variables familiares entre los adolescentes catalanes. Métodos: Estudio transversal de una muestra representativa de adolescentes (edad 14-18 años) de Cataluña (Segunda oleada del Panel de Familias e Infancia) (2006-2010). Se realizan modelos de regresión logística para mujeres (n = 1.459) y hombres (n= 1.105) para estimar si los estados de ánimo negativos auto-percibidos (tristeza, presión parental, etc.) están asociados con el CEEA, capturado como haberse emborrachado por lo menos dos veces al mes durante el último año. Se estima en qué medida esos efectos son atribuibles a algunos factores familiares. Resultados: El sentimiento crónico de tristeza está asociado con el CEEAentre los varones (OR 2,7), al igual que sentirse presionado/a por los progenitores en ambos sexos (OR 1,8 hombres y OR 2,1 mujeres). Las mujeres de rentas medio-bajas y altas son más proclives al CEEA (OR 1,6 y OR 1,7 respectivamente). La existencia de progenitores de origen inmigrante (OR 0,4) y la fijación parental de un horario de retorno a casa los fines de semana (OR 0,6) presentan una asociación negativa con el CEEA entre las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los estados de ánimo negativos (EAN) están asociados al CEEA. Los efectos de los factores socio-económicos y familiares sobre el CEEA son más relevantes en mujeres que en varones(AU)

Background: Heavy episodic drinking is widespread among adolescents, with serious health risks, including abuse / dependence in adulthood. The aimof this paper is to analyze the influence of negativemood states and some family variables on this type of drinking behavior among Catalan adolescents. Methods: Cross sectional study of a representative sample of adolescents (age 14-18 years) fromCatalonia (SecondWave, Panel of Families and Children) (2006-2010). Separate logistic regression models are run for women (n = 1,459) and men (n = 1,105) to assess whether negative mood states (self-perceived) are associated with heavy episodic drinking measured as binge drinking at least twice a month or more in the last year. It is estimated to what extent these effects are attributable to familial factors. Results: Feelings of sadness are associated with binge drinking among male adolescents (OR 2.7). Feeling pressured by parents keeps also a positive association with binge drinking among both sexes (OR 1.8 for males and OR 2.1 for women). Women from low-middle and high income groups are more likely to engage in binge drinking (OR 1.6 and OR, 1.7 respectively). Migrant family background (OR 0.4) and parental control of arrival home on weekend (OR 0.6) are negatively related to binge drinking among female adolescents. Conclusions: Negative mood states are associated with heavy episodic drinking. Socio-economic and family factors have stronger effect on women than on men(AU)

New technologies applied to family history: a particular case of southern Europe in the eighteenth century.

In this article, the author explains how the support of new technologies has helped historians to develop their research over the last few decades. The author, therefore, summarizes the application of both database and genealogical programs for the southern Europe family studies as a methodological tool. First, the author will establish the importance of the creation of databases using the File Maker program, after which they will explain the value of using genealogical programs such as Genopro and Heredis. The main aim of this article is to give detail about the use of these new technologies as applied to a particular study of southern Europe, specifically the Crown of Castile, during the late modern period. The use of these computer programs has helped to develop the field of social sciences and family history, in particular, social history, during the last decade.

Enduring love? Attitudes to family and inheritance law in England and Wales.

This paper reports on the findings from a large-scale study of public attitudes to inheritance law, particularly the rules on intestacy. It argues that far from the assumption that the family' is in terminal decline, people in England and Wales still view their most important relationships, at least for the purposes of inheritance law, as centred on a narrow, nuclear family model. However, there is also widespread acceptance of re-partnering and cohabitation, producing generally high levels of support for including cohabitants in the intestacy rules and for ensuring that children from former relationships are protected. We argue that these views are underpinned by a continuing sense of responsibility to the members of one's nuclear family, arising from notions of sharing and commitment, dependency and support, and a sense of lineage.

Child fostering chains among Ovambo families in Namibia, Southern Africa.

Childcare across sub-Saharan Africa is often socially distributed among adults, with care by the biological mother being one of several options available for children. Children typically move within and outside of large extended kin networks. Based on an ethnographic study of four Ovambo families in Namibia, this article seeks to understand the cultural logic of fostering. Several themes that emerged from the study are discussed here, including the varied motivations of fostering, the cultural scripts of equality, and the rules of reciprocity in exchange, which are involved. Education shapes a mother's choices of care-giving and creates both a supply of children and a demand on households. The implications for HIV/AIDS orphans are discussed.

Creating egalitarian families among the adult children of Turkish- and Polish-origin immigrants in Sweden.

This article analyzes the factors shaping egalitarian family relationships among those with two Swedish-born parents and those with at least one parent born in Poland or Turkey. We ask: (1) What factors affect sharing domestic tasks and do they also shape the division of child care responsibilities? (2) Do these effects differ, depending on the extent of exposure to Swedish life? We analyze data from a longitudinal survey conducted between 1999 and 2003. Holding egalitarian work­family attitudes affects actual sharing of housework, but much more for those growing up in more socially integrated than in less integrated families.

A life-course approach to studying transitions among Canadian seniors in couple-only households.

This study tracked the occurrence of death, widowhood, institutionalization, and coresidence with others between 1994 and 2002 for a nationally representative sample of 1,580 Canadian respondents who, at initial interview, were aged 55 and older and living in a couple-only household. Although the majority of seniors remained in a couple-only household throughout the duration of the survey, nearly one in four who experienced a first transition underwent one or more subsequent transitions. Age, economic resources, and health were significant predictors of a specific first transition and multiple transitions. More work is needed to understand the dynamics of the aging process.